Table.AddColumn Function in Power Query
The Table.AddColumn function adds a column named newColumnName to the table. The values for the column are computed using the specified selection function columnGenerator with each row taken as an input.
Syntax
 Table.AddColumn(table as table, newColumnName as text, columnGenerator as function, optional columnType as nullable type) as table 
Example:
Power Query M
let
  MyTable = Table.FromRecords(
    {
      [CustomerID = 1, Name = "Ashish", Phone = "123-4567"], 
      [CustomerID = 2, Name = "Katrina", Phone = "987-6543"], 
      [CustomerID = 3, Name = "Alia", Phone = "543-7890"], 
      [CustomerID = 4, Name = "Vicky", Phone = "676-8479"], 
      [CustomerID = 5, Name = "Mohini", Phone = "574-8864"], 
      [CustomerID = 6, Name = "Meenakshi", Phone = "574-8864"], 
      [CustomerID = 7, Name = "Esha", Phone = "574-8864"], 
      [CustomerID = 8, Name = "Anjali", Phone = "574-8864"]
    }
  ),
Return = Table.AddColumn(MyTable, "Name Length", each Text.Length([Name]))
in
    Return The output of the above code is shown below:
